Mpweya woponderezedwa, mwanjira yopapatiza, umapangidwa ndi zida zoyambira mpweya, zida zoyeretsera magwero a mpweya ndi mapaipi ofananira.M'lingaliro lalikulu, zida zothandizira mpweya, makina oyendetsa mpweya, zida zowongolera mpweya, zotsekemera, ndi zina zotero zonse zili m'gulu la mpweya woponderezedwa.Nthawi zambiri, zida za air compressor station ndi mpweya woponderezedwa mwanjira yopapatiza.Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa tchati choyendera mpweya woponderezedwa:
Zida zopangira mpweya (air compressor) zimayamwa mumlengalenga, zimakakamiza mpweya wachilengedwe kukhala mpweya woponderezedwa ndi kuthamanga kwambiri, ndikuchotsa chinyezi, mafuta ndi zonyansa zina mumpweya woponderezedwa kudzera mu zida zoyeretsera.
Mpweya mwachilengedwe umapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpweya (O₂, N₂, CO₂ ... etc.), ndipo nthunzi wamadzi ndi umodzi mwa iwo.Mpweya umene uli ndi nthunzi winawake umatchedwa mpweya wonyezimira, ndipo mpweya umene ulibe nthunzi wa madzi umatchedwa mpweya wouma.Mpweya wotizungulira ndi mpweya wonyowa, kotero kuti sing'anga yogwirira ntchito ya air compressor mwachilengedwe imakhala mpweya wonyowa.
Ngakhale kuti nthunzi wamadzi mumpweya wonyezimira ndi wocheperako, zomwe zili mkati mwake zimakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe a mpweya wonyowa.Mu wothinikizidwa mpweya kuyeretsedwa dongosolo, kuyanika wa wothinikizidwa mpweya ndi chimodzi mwa zikuluzikulu nkhani.
Pazifukwa zina za kutentha ndi kupanikizika, zomwe zili mu nthunzi yamadzi mu mpweya wonyowa (ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa nthunzi ya madzi) kumakhala kochepa.Pa kutentha kwina, pamene kuchuluka kwa nthunzi wamadzi komwe kumapezeka kumafika pamtunda wokwanira, mpweya wonyowa panthawiyi umatchedwa mpweya wodzaza.Mpweya wonyowa wopanda mpweya wokwanira wa nthunzi wamadzi umatchedwa mpweya wosaturated.
Panthawi yomwe mpweya wopanda unsaturated umakhala mpweya wodzaza, madontho amadzi amadzimadzi amakhazikika mumlengalenga wonyowa, womwe umatchedwa "condensation".Condensation ndizofala.Mwachitsanzo, chinyezi cha mpweya chimakhala chokwera m'chilimwe, ndipo n'zosavuta kupanga madontho a madzi pamwamba pa chitoliro chamadzi.M'mawa m'nyengo yozizira, madontho amadzi adzawonekera pawindo lagalasi la anthu okhalamo.Zonsezi zimapangidwa ndi kuzizira kwa mpweya wonyowa pansi pa kupanikizika kosalekeza.Lu results.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kutentha kumene mpweya wosasunthika umafika ku machulukidwe kumatchedwa mame pamene mphamvu ya nthunzi yamadzi imakhala yosasunthika (ndiko kuti, madzi okwanira amakhala osasinthasintha).Kutentha kumatsika mpaka kutentha kwa mame, padzakhala "condensation".
Mame a mpweya wonyowa samangokhudzana ndi kutentha, komanso amagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mumlengalenga.Mame amakhala ochuluka ndi madzi ochuluka, ndipo mame amakhala ochepa ndi madzi ochepa.
Kutentha kwa mame kuli ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri paukadaulo wa compressor.Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwa mpweya wa kompresa kukakhala kotsika kwambiri, kusakaniza kwamafuta ndi gasi kumakhazikika chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa mu mbiya yamafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta opaka mafuta azikhala ndi madzi komanso kukhudza momwe mafutawo amakhudzira.choncho.Kutentha kotuluka kwa kompresa ya mpweya kuyenera kupangidwa kuti kusakhale kutsika kuposa kutentha kwa mame pansi pa kukakamiza kofananako.
Atmospheric dew point ndi kutentha kwa mame pansi pa mphamvu ya mumlengalenga.Momwemonso, pressure dew point imatanthawuza kutentha kwa mame amphamvu ya mpweya.
Chiyanjano chofananira pakati pa mame opanikizika ndi mame omwe ali ndi mphamvu yanthawi zonse zimagwirizana ndi chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana.Pansi yemweyo kuthamanga mame mfundo, ikuluikulu psinjika chiŵerengero, m'munsi lolingana yachibadwa kuthamanga mfundo mame.
Mpweya wopanikizidwa wotuluka mu kompresa wa mpweya ndi wakuda.Zoipitsa zazikulu ndi izi: madzi (madontho amadzi amadzimadzi, nkhungu yamadzi ndi mpweya wamadzi), nkhungu yotsalira yamafuta (madontho amafuta amafuta ndi nthunzi yamafuta), zonyansa zolimba (matope a dzimbiri, ufa wachitsulo, chindapusa cha mphira, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zinthu zosefera, ufa wabwino wa zinthu zosindikizira, etc.), zonyansa zowononga mankhwala ndi zonyansa zina.
Kuwonongeka kwamafuta opaka mafuta kumawononga mphira, pulasitiki, ndi zinthu zosindikizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma valve ndi zinthu zoipitsa ziwonongeke.Chinyezi ndi fumbi zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo ndi mapaipi achite dzimbiri ndi kuchita dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo zosuntha zitseke kapena kutha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwiya za pneumatic zisagwire bwino ntchito kapena kutulutsa mpweya.Chinyezi ndi fumbi zidzatsekerezanso mabowo oyenda kapena zosefera.Pambuyo pa ayezi amachititsa kuti payipi iwume kapena kusweka.
Chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa mpweya, kudalirika ndi moyo wautumiki wa makina a pneumatic zimachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo zotayika zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimaposa mtengo ndi kukonzanso kwa chipangizo chothandizira mpweya, kotero ndikofunikira kusankha bwino chithandizo cha mpweya. dongosolo.
Kodi magwero akuluakulu a chinyezi mumpweya woponderezedwa ndi ati?
Gwero lalikulu la chinyezi mu mpweya woponderezedwa ndi nthunzi wamadzi woyamwa ndi mpweya kompresa pamodzi ndi mpweya.Mpweya wonyezimira ukalowa mu kompresa ya mpweya, nthunzi wochuluka wamadzi umafinyidwa m'madzi amadzimadzi panthawi yoponderezedwa, zomwe zingachepetse kwambiri chinyezi cha mpweya woponderezedwa potuluka.
Mwachitsanzo, pamene kupanikizika kwa dongosolo ndi 0.7MPa ndi chinyezi chachibale cha mpweya wopumira ndi 80%, ngakhale kuti mpweya woponderezedwa wochokera ku compressor wa mpweya umadzaza ndi kupanikizika, ngati utatembenuzidwa ku chikhalidwe cha mlengalenga musanayambe kuponderezedwa, chinyezi chake chimakhala chochepa. 6-10% yokha.Ndiko kunena kuti, chinyezi cha mpweya woponderezedwa chachepetsedwa kwambiri.Komabe, pamene kutentha kumatsika pang’onopang’ono m’mapaipi a gasi ndi zida za gasi, madzi ambiri amadzimadzi apitirizabe kukhazikika mumpweya woponderezedwawo.
Kodi kuipitsidwa kwamafuta mumpweya woponderezedwa kumayamba bwanji?
Mafuta odzola a kompresa ya mpweya, nthunzi yamafuta ndi madontho oimitsidwa amafuta mumlengalenga wozungulira komanso mafuta opaka zinthu zamkati mwadongosolo ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsidwa kwamafuta mumlengalenga woponderezedwa.
Kupatula ma centrifugal ndi diaphragm air compressor, pafupifupi ma compressor onse omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano (kuphatikiza ma compressor osiyanasiyana opanda mafuta) azikhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo (madontho amafuta, nkhungu yamafuta, nthunzi yamafuta ndi mpweya wa kaboni) kulowa mupaipi ya gasi.
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa chipinda choponderezera cha mpweya wopondereza kumapangitsa kuti pafupifupi 5% ~ 6% yamafuta asungunuke, kung'ambika ndi oxidize, ndikuyika mkati mwa khoma lamkati la chitoliro cha mpweya mu mawonekedwe a kaboni ndi vanishi filimu. gawo lowala lidzayimitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a nthunzi ndi yaying'ono Mawonekedwe a zinthu amabweretsedwa mu dongosolo ndi mpweya woponderezedwa.
Mwachidule, kwa machitidwe omwe safuna mafuta odzola panthawi yogwira ntchito, mafuta onse ndi zinthu zopangira mafuta zosakanikirana ndi mpweya woponderezedwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimatha kuonedwa ngati zida zowonongeka ndi mafuta.Kwa machitidwe omwe amafunikira kuwonjezera zopangira mafuta panthawi ya ntchito, utoto wonse wotsutsana ndi dzimbiri ndi mafuta a kompresa omwe ali mu mpweya woponderezedwa amatengedwa ngati zonyansa zowononga mafuta.
Kodi zonyansa zolimba zimalowa bwanji mumpweya wopanikiza?
Magwero akuluakulu a zonyansa zolimba mu mpweya woponderezedwa ndi:
①Mlengalenga yozungulira imasakanizidwa ndi zonyansa zosiyanasiyana zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.Ngakhale doko loyamwitsa mpweya lili ndi fyuluta ya mpweya, nthawi zambiri zonyansa za "aerosol" pansi pa 5 μm zimatha kulowa mu kompresa ya mpweya ndi mpweya wopumira, wothira mafuta ndi madzi mu chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya panthawi yoponderezedwa.
②Pamene kompresa ya mpweya ikugwira ntchito, kukangana ndi kugundana pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana, kukalamba ndi kugwa kwa zisindikizo, ndi carbonization ndi kupatukana kwa mafuta odzola pa kutentha kwakukulu kumayambitsa tinthu tating'ono monga zitsulo, fumbi la rabara ndi carbonaceous. fission kuti abweretsedwe mu payipi ya gasi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-18-2023
