Kodi zida zopangira mpweya ndi chiyani?Pali zida zotani?

Kodi zida zopangira mpweya ndi chiyani?Pali zida zotani?

Chida chopangira mpweya ndi chipangizo chopangira mpweya woponderezedwa - air compressor (air compressor).Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma compressor a mpweya, wamba ndi mtundu wa pisitoni, mtundu wa centrifugal, mtundu wa screw, mtundu wa sliding vane, mtundu wa mpukutu ndi zina zotero.
Mpweya woponderezedwa wochokera ku mpweya wa compressor uli ndi zowononga zambiri monga chinyezi, mafuta ndi fumbi.Zida zoyeretsera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa bwino zoipitsa izi kuti zipewe kuwononga magwiridwe antchito a mpweya wabwino.

Zida zoyeretsera magwero a mpweya ndi mawu wamba pazida ndi zida zingapo.Zida zoyeretsera mpweya zimatchedwanso zida zopangira pambuyo pamakampani, nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza matanki osungira gasi, zowumitsa, zosefera, ndi zina zambiri.
● thanki ya mpweya
Ntchito ya tanki yosungiramo gasi ndiyo kuthetsa kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga, kudalira kufalikira kwa adiabatic ndi kuzizira kwachilengedwe kuti kuchepetsa kutentha, kusiyanitsanso chinyezi ndi mafuta mumlengalenga wopanikizika, ndikusunga mpweya wina.Kumbali imodzi, imatha kuchepetsa kutsutsana kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndikokulirapo kuposa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa kompresa munthawi yochepa.Kumbali inayi, imatha kukhalabe ndi mpweya wanthawi yayitali pamene compressor ya mpweya ikulephera kapena mphamvu ikutha, kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha zida za pneumatic.

●Air Dryer

Chowumitsira mpweya choponderezedwa, monga momwe dzinalo limatanthawuzira, ndi mtundu wa zida zochotsera madzi za mpweya woponderezedwa.Pali zowumitsira zowumitsira zowuma zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri komanso zowumitsira ma adsorption, komanso zowumitsa zowonongeka ndi zowumitsa ma polima.Choumitsira mufiriji ndi chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chopukutira mpweya, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina ndi zofunikira zamtundu wamba.Chowumitsira firiji chimagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe kuti kupanikizika pang'ono kwa nthunzi yamadzi mu mpweya woponderezedwa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kutentha kwa mpweya woponderezedwa kuti ukhale wozizira, kutaya madzi ndi kuyanika.Zowumitsira mufiriji zoponderezedwa nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "zowumitsira firiji" m'makampani.Ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kuchepetsa madzi omwe ali mu mpweya wopanikizika, ndiko kuti, kuchepetsa "kutentha kwa mame" a mpweya woponderezedwa.M'mafakitale ambiri oponderezedwa mpweya, ndi chimodzi mwa zida zofunika wothinikizidwa mpweya kuyanika ndi kuyeretsa (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti post-processing).

1 mfundo yofunika

Mpweya woponderezedwa ukhoza kukwaniritsa cholinga chochotsa nthunzi wamadzi kudzera mu pressurization, kuzizira, kutsatsa ndi njira zina.Freeze dryer ndi njira yoziziritsira.Tikudziwa kuti mpweya woponderezedwa ndi mpweya wa kompresa uli ndi mpweya wosiyanasiyana ndi nthunzi wamadzi, motero ndi mpweya wonyowa.Chinyezi cha mpweya wonyowa nthawi zambiri chimakhala chofanana ndi kuthamanga, ndiko kuti, kuthamanga kwapamwamba, kumachepetsanso chinyezi.Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumawonjezeka, mpweya wamadzi mumlengalenga kupitirira zomwe zingatheke umakhazikika m'madzi (ndiko kuti, mpweya woponderezedwa umakhala wocheperako ndipo sungathe kusunga nthunzi wa madzi oyambirira).

Izi zikutanthauza kuti pokhudzana ndi mpweya umene unatulutsidwa poyamba, chinyezi chimakhala chochepa (pano chikutanthauza kubwerera kwa gawo ili la mpweya woponderezedwa ku dziko losakhazikika).

Komabe, utsi wa kompresa mpweya akadali wothinikizidwa mpweya, ndi nthunzi zake madzi zili pa pazipita mtengo zotheka, ndiko kuti, ali mu mkhalidwe wovuta wa mpweya ndi madzi.Mpweya woponderezedwa panthawiyi umatchedwa kuti saturated state, malinga ngati uli wopanikizika pang'ono, nthunzi yamadzi idzasintha nthawi yomweyo kuchoka ku mpweya kupita ku madzi, ndiko kuti, madzi adzasungunuka.

Poganiza kuti mpweya ndi siponji yonyowa yomwe yatenga madzi, chinyontho chake ndi madzi otengedwa.Ngati madzi ena afinyidwa mu siponji ndi mphamvu, ndiye kuti chinyezi cha siponjicho chimachepa.Mukasiya siponjiyo kuti ichira, idzakhala youma kuposa siponji yoyambirira.Izi zimakwaniritsanso cholinga chochotsa madzi ndi kuyanika ndi pressurization.
Ngati palibenso mphamvu ina pambuyo pofika mphamvu inayake panthawi ya kufinya siponji, madzi amasiya kutuluka, omwe ndi dziko lodzaza.Pitirizani kuwonjezera mphamvu ya kufinya, ndipo madzi akadali akutuluka.

Choncho, thupi la compressor la mpweya palokha liri ndi ntchito yochotsa madzi, ndipo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kukakamiza, koma izi siziri cholinga cha mpweya wa compressor, koma ndi katundu "woipa".

Chifukwa chiyani "pressurization" sikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yochotsera madzi mumpweya wopanikizika?Izi makamaka chifukwa chachuma, kukulitsa kupanikizika ndi 1 kg.Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pafupifupi 7% ndikopanda ndalama.

Kuwotcha "kuzizira" kumakhala kopanda ndalama, ndipo chowumitsira firiji chimagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yofanana ndi yochepetsera mpweya wa mpweya kuti akwaniritse cholingacho.Chifukwa kachulukidwe ka nthunzi wamadzi wochuluka uli ndi malire, mu mphamvu ya aerodynamic (2MPa range), zitha kuganiziridwa kuti kachulukidwe ka nthunzi wamadzi mumpweya wodzaza zimadalira kutentha ndipo alibe chochita ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya.

Kutentha kwapamwamba, kumapangitsanso kachulukidwe ka nthunzi wamadzi mu mpweya wodzaza, ndipo madzi ambiri adzakhala.M'malo mwake, kutsika kwa kutentha, madzi ochepa (izi zikhoza kumveka kuchokera ku nzeru wamba m'moyo, nyengo yozizira imakhala yowuma komanso yozizira, chilimwe ndi yotentha komanso yamvula).

Kuziziritsa mpweya woponderezedwa mpaka kutentha pang'ono momwe mungathere kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi yomwe ili mmenemo ndikupanga "condensation", sonkhanitsani madontho ang'onoang'ono amadzi opangidwa ndi condensation ndikuwatulutsa, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chochotsa chinyezi. mu mpweya woponderezedwa .

Chifukwa kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko ya condensation ndi condensation m'madzi, kutentha sikungakhale kotsika kuposa "kuzizira", mwinamwake chodabwitsa cha kuzizira sichidzatulutsa madzi bwino.Nthawi zambiri kutentha kwadzina kwa "pressure point point" kwa chowumitsira kuzizira kumakhala 2 ~ 10°C.

Mwachitsanzo, “mame amphamvu” pa 10°C wa 0.7MPa amasinthidwa kukhala “atmospheric pressure dew point” mpaka -16°C.Zitha kumveka kuti zikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osatsika kuposa -16 ° C, sipadzakhala madzi amadzimadzi pamene mpweya woponderezedwa watha kumlengalenga.

Njira zonse zochotsera madzi za mpweya woponderezedwa zimakhala zouma, zomwe zimakumana ndi kuuma kwina.Sizingatheke kuchotsa chinyezi, ndipo ndizopanda ndalama zambiri kutsata zouma kupitirira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
2 mfundo ntchito

Choumitsira mpweya woponderezedwa chimaziziritsa mpweya woponderezedwa kuti upangitse mpweya wamadzi mumpweya woponderezedwa kukhala madontho amadzimadzi, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chochepetsera chinyezi cha mpweya woponderezedwa.
Madontho ofupikitsidwa amatulutsidwa m'makina kudzera pamakina amadzimadzi.Malingana ngati kutentha kwapakati pa payipi yakumunsi kwa chowumitsira sikutsika kuposa kutentha kwa mame potuluka mu evaporator, kuyanikanso kwachiwiri sikungachitike.

3 ntchito

Njira yoponderezedwa ya mpweya:
Mpweya woponderezedwa umalowa mu chotenthetsera kutentha kwa mpweya (preheater) [1], yomwe poyamba imachepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya wotentha kwambiri, kenako imalowa mu Freon/air heat exchanger (evaporator) [2], kumene mpweya woponderezedwa umakhazikika. mofulumira kwambiri, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa kutentha kwa mame, ndipo madzi olekanitsidwa amadzimadzi ndi mpweya wothinikizidwa amalekanitsidwa mu cholekanitsa chamadzi [3], ndipo madzi olekanitsa amachotsedwa mu makina ndi chipangizo chopangira madzi.

The wothinikizidwa mpweya ndi otsika kutentha refrigerant kusinthana kutentha mu evaporator [2].Panthawi imeneyi, kutentha kwa mpweya woponderezedwa kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, pafupifupi kofanana ndi kutentha kwa mame 2 ~ 10 ° C.Ngati palibe chofunikira chapadera (ndiko kuti, palibe kufunikira kwa kutentha kochepa kwa mpweya woponderezedwa), nthawi zambiri mpweya woponderezedwa umabwerera ku chotenthetsera kutentha kwa mpweya (preheater) [1] kusinthanitsa kutentha ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpweya womwe wangolowa kumene. chowumitsira chozizira.Cholinga chochitira izi:

① Gwiritsani ntchito bwino "kuzizira kwa zinyalala" za mpweya wouma wouma kuti muzitha kuziziritsa mpweya wotentha kwambiri womwe wangolowa kumene mu chowumitsira chozizira, kuti muchepetse katundu wa firiji wa chowumitsira chozizira;

② Pewani zovuta zachiwiri monga condensation, kudontha, ndi dzimbiri kunja kwa payipi yakumbuyo-kumapeto komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mpweya wouma wouma.

Njira ya firiji:

Refrigerant freon imalowa mu kompresa [4], ndipo ikapanikizika, kupanikizika kumawonjezeka (ndipo kutentha kumawonjezekanso), ndipo kukakhala kokwera pang'ono kuposa kukakamiza kwa condenser, mpweya wothamanga kwambiri wa refrigerant umatulutsidwa mu condenser [6] ].Mu condenser, nthunzi ya refrigerant pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kukakamiza kusinthanitsa kutentha ndi mpweya pa kutentha kochepa (kuzizira kwa mpweya) kapena madzi ozizira (kuzizira kwa madzi), potero kumapangitsa kuti Freon ya refrigerant ikhale yamadzimadzi.

Panthawiyi, refrigerant yamadzimadzi imalowa mu Freon/air heat exchanger (evaporator) [2] kudzera mu chubu cha capillary / valavu yowonjezera [8] kuti ichepetse (kuzizira) ndi kuyamwa kutentha kwa mpweya woponderezedwa mu evaporator kuti ukhale vaporized. .Chinthu choziziritsidwa - mpweya woponderezedwa umakhazikika, ndipo nthunzi ya refrigerant ya vaporized imayamwa ndi kompresa kuti ayambe kuzungulira.

Refrigerant imamaliza kuzungulira kudzera munjira zinayi za kuponderezana, kukondera, kukulitsa (kugwedeza), ndi kutulutsa mpweya mu dongosolo.Kupyolera mu kachitidwe ka firiji kosalekeza, cholinga cha kuziziritsa mpweya wothinikizidwa chimakwaniritsidwa.
4 Ntchito za gawo lililonse
mpweya kutentha exchanger
Pofuna kuteteza kuti madzi osungunuka asapangike pakhoma lakunja la payipi yakunja, mpweya wowuma wowuma umachoka pa evaporator ndikusinthanitsanso kutentha ndi mpweya wotentha kwambiri, wotentha komanso wonyezimira muchotenthetsera kutentha kwa mpweya.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutentha kwa mpweya wolowa mu evaporator kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.

kusinthanitsa kutentha
The refrigerant imatenga kutentha ndi kukulitsa mu evaporator, kusintha kuchokera ku madzi kupita ku gasi, ndipo mpweya woponderezedwa umakhazikika ndi kusinthanitsa kutentha, kotero kuti mpweya wamadzi mu mpweya wopanikizika umasintha kuchokera ku gasi kupita ku madzi.

cholekanitsa madzi
The precipitated madzi madzi olekanitsidwa ndi wothinikizidwa mpweya mu olekanitsa madzi.Kukwera kwa kulekanitsa bwino kwa cholekanitsa madzi, kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi amadzimadzi kumasinthanso mu mpweya woponderezedwa, komanso kutsika kwa mame a mpweya woponderezedwa.

kompresa
Refrigerant ya gaseous imalowa mu kompresa ya firiji ndikukanikizidwa kuti ikhale firiji yotentha kwambiri, yopatsa mphamvu kwambiri.

valavu yodutsa
Ngati kutentha kwa madzi amadzimadzi kutsika pansi pa malo oundanawo, madzi oundanawo angachititse kuti madzi oundana atsekeke.Valavu yodutsa imatha kuwongolera kutentha kwa firiji ndikuwongolera mame pa kutentha kokhazikika (pakati pa 1 ndi 6 ° C)

condenser

Condenser imachepetsa kutentha kwa refrigerant, ndipo refrigerant imasintha kuchokera ku mpweya wotentha kwambiri kupita ku madzi otsika kwambiri.

fyuluta
Sefayi imasefa bwino zonyansa za mufiriji.

Capillary / Vavu Yokulitsa
Pambuyo pa refrigerant kudutsa mu capillary chubu / valavu yowonjezera, voliyumu yake imakula, kutentha kwake kumachepa, ndipo kumakhala madzi otsika, otsika kwambiri.

Zolekanitsa zamadzimadzi
Popeza firiji yamadzimadzi yomwe imalowa mu kompresa imayambitsa kugwedezeka kwamadzi, komwe kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa kompresa ya firiji, cholekanitsa chamadzimadzi chamadzimadzi chimatsimikizira kuti firiji yokhayo imatha kulowa mufiriji.

kukhetsa basi
Kukhetsa kwadzidzidzi kumakhetsa madzi amadzimadzi omwe amasonkhana pansi pa cholekanitsa kuchokera pamakina pafupipafupi.

chowumitsira

Chowumitsira mufiriji chimakhala ndi zabwino zake zamapangidwe ophatikizika, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndi kukonza, komanso kutsika mtengo kokonza.Ndikoyenera nthawi zina pomwe kutentha kwa mame kwa mpweya woponderezedwa sikutsika kwambiri (kupitirira 0 ° C).
Chowumitsira adsorption chimagwiritsa ntchito desiccant kuti chiwonongeko ndikuwumitsa mpweya woponderezedwa womwe umakakamizika kudutsa.Regenerative adsorption dryer nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse.
● fyuluta
Zosefera zimagawidwa muzosefera zazikulu zamapaipi, zolekanitsa madzi a gasi, zosefera za carbon deodorization, zosefera za nthunzi, etc.Mpweya.