Chifukwa chiyani maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors amakhala ma mota akulu?

Chifukwa chiyani maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors amakhala ma mota akulu?

Galimoto yamagetsi imatha kusintha mphamvu zamagetsi kukhala mphamvu zamakina, ndikusintha mphamvu zamakina kumawilo kudzera munjira yopatsirana kuyendetsa galimotoyo.Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zoyendetsera magalimoto atsopano amagetsi.Pakadali pano, ma motors omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto atsopano amagetsi amakhala okhazikika maginito ma synchronous motors ndi ma AC asynchronous motors.Magalimoto ambiri amagetsi atsopano amagwiritsa ntchito maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors.Makampani oyimira magalimoto akuphatikizapo BYD, Li Auto, ndi zina zotero. Magalimoto ena amagwiritsa ntchito ma AC asynchronous motors.Magalimoto amagetsi amayimira makampani amagalimoto monga Tesla ndi Mercedes-Benz.

Galimoto ya asynchronous imapangidwa makamaka ndi stator yokhazikika ndi rotor yozungulira.Pamene mafunde a stator alumikizidwa ndi magetsi a AC, rotor imazungulira ndikutulutsa mphamvu.Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti pamene mapiritsi a stator ali ndi mphamvu (alternating current), idzapanga malo ozungulira a electromagnetic, ndipo mafunde ozungulira ndi otsekera otsekedwa omwe amadula mizere ya stator ya maginito mumlengalenga wozungulira wa stator.Malinga ndi lamulo la Faraday, woyendetsa wotsekedwa akadula mzere wolowetsa maginito, wamakono adzapangidwa, ndipo wapano adzapanga mphamvu yamagetsi.Panthawiyi, pali magawo awiri a electromagnetic: imodzi ndi stator electromagnetic field yolumikizidwa ndi magetsi akunja, ndipo ina imapangidwa ndi kudula mzere wa stator electromagnetic induction.Rotor electromagnetic field.Malingana ndi lamulo la Lenz, mphamvu yowonongeka nthawi zonse idzatsutsa chifukwa cha zomwe zimapangidwira panopa, ndiye kuti, yesetsani kuteteza oyendetsa pa rotor kuti asadule mizere yopangira maginito ya maginito a stator.Chotsatira chake ndi: oyendetsa pa rotor "adzagwira" ndi stator's Malo ozungulira a electromagnetic amatanthauza kuti rotor imathamangitsa mphamvu ya maginito ya stator, ndipo potsiriza galimotoyo imayamba kuzungulira.Panthawiyi, kuthamanga kwa rotor (n2) ndi kuthamanga kwa stator (n1) sikukugwirizana (kusiyana kwa liwiro kuli pafupi 2-6%).Chifukwa chake, imatchedwa asynchronous AC mota.M'malo mwake, ngati liwiro lozungulira ndilofanana, limatchedwa motor synchronous.

Maginito okhazikika a synchronous motor ndi mtundu wa mota ya AC.Rotor yake imapangidwa ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi maginito okhazikika.Pamene injini ikugwira ntchito, stator imapatsidwa mphamvu kuti ipange mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira kuti ikankhire rotor kuti izungulira."Kugwirizanitsa" kumatanthauza kuti kuzungulira kwa rotor panthawi yogwira ntchito mokhazikika Kuthamanga kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa maginito.Ma motors a Permanent maginito synchronous motors ali ndi chiyerekezo champhamvu-to-weight, ndi chocheperako kukula kwake, chopepuka kulemera, amakhala ndi torque yayikulu, ndipo amakhala ndi liwiro labwino kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwa braking.Chifukwa chake, maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors akhala magalimoto amagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano.ya mota yamagetsi.Komabe, zinthu za maginito zokhazikika zikamagwedezeka, kutentha kwambiri komanso kudzaza kwapano, mphamvu yake yamaginito imatha kuchepa, kapena demagnetization imatha kuchitika, zomwe zingachepetse magwiridwe antchito a injini yanthawi zonse.Kuphatikiza apo, maginito osowa padziko lapansi okhazikika a ma synchronous motors amagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadziko lapansi, ndipo mtengo wopangira siwokhazikika.

Poyerekeza ndi maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors, ma asynchronous motors amafunika kuyamwa mphamvu yamagetsi kuti asangalatse akamagwira ntchito, zomwe zimawononga mphamvu yamagetsi ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yagalimoto.Maginito okhazikika a maginito ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri chifukwa chowonjezera maginito okhazikika.

Ma Model omwe amasankha ma mota a AC asynchronous amakonda kuyika patsogolo magwiridwe antchito komanso amapezerapo mwayi pakuchita bwino kwa ma AC asynchronous motors pa liwiro lalikulu.Chitsanzo choyimira ndi choyambirira cha Model S. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu: Pamene galimoto ikuyendetsa mofulumira kwambiri, imatha kusunga ntchito yothamanga kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu zamagetsi, kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndikusunga mphamvu zambiri;

Ma Model omwe amasankha maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors amakonda kuyika patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito magwiridwe antchito komanso magwiridwe antchito amagetsi okhazikika a maginito omwe ali ndi liwiro lotsika, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera magalimoto ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati.Mawonekedwe ake ndi kukula kochepa, kulemera kochepa, ndi moyo wautali wa batri.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imakhala ndi kayendetsedwe kabwino ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.

Maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors amalamulira.Malinga ndi ziwerengero za "New Energy Vehicle Industry Chain Monthly Database" yotulutsidwa ndi Advanced Industry Research Institute (GGII), mphamvu zokhazikitsidwa ndi nyumba zamagalimoto atsopano kuyambira Januware mpaka Ogasiti 2022 zinali pafupifupi mayunitsi 3.478 miliyoni, pachaka - Kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 101%.Pakati pawo, mphamvu yoyika ya maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors inali mayunitsi 3.329 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 106%;mphamvu yoyika ya ma AC asynchronous motors inali mayunitsi 1.295 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 22%.

Maginito osatha a ma synchronous motors akhala ma motors akulu pamsika wamagalimoto oyendera magetsi.

Kutengera kusankha kwa ma mota amitundu yodziwika bwino kunyumba ndi kunja, magalimoto amagetsi atsopano oyambitsidwa ndi SAIC Motor, Geely Automobile, Guangzhou Automobile, BAIC Motor, Denza Motors, ndi zina zonse zimagwiritsa ntchito maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors.Permanent maginito synchronous motors amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku China.Choyamba, chifukwa maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors ali ndi magwiridwe antchito otsika komanso osinthika kwambiri, omwe ndi oyenera kwambiri pazovuta zogwirira ntchito ndikuyambira pafupipafupi ndikuyimitsa magalimoto amtawuni.Chachiwiri, chifukwa cha neodymium chitsulo boron maginito okhazikika maginito okhazikika maginito synchronous Motors.Zida zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito chuma chosowa padziko lapansi, ndipo dziko langa liri ndi 70% yazinthu zapadziko lapansi zomwe zimasowa, ndipo kutulutsa kokwanira kwa zinthu zamaginito za NdFeB kumafika 80% yapadziko lonse lapansi, kotero China imakonda kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors.

Tesla Wachilendo ndi BMW amagwiritsa ntchito maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors ndi ma AC asynchronous motors kuti apange mgwirizano.Kuchokera pamawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito, maginito okhazikika a synchronous motor ndiye chisankho chachikulu pamagalimoto amagetsi atsopano.

Mtengo wa zida za maginito okhazikika umakhala pafupifupi 30% ya mtengo wa maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors.Zopangira zopangira maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors makamaka ndi neodymium iron boron, ma sheet achitsulo a silicon, mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu.Pakati pawo, okhazikika maginito chuma neodymium chitsulo boroni zimagwiritsa ntchito kupanga rotor okhazikika maginito, ndipo zikuchokera mtengo pafupifupi 30%;mapepala silicon zitsulo makamaka ntchito kupanga makonda The mtengo zikuchokera rotor pachimake ndi pafupifupi 20%;mtengo wa ma stator akumangirira ndi pafupifupi 15%;mtengo wa galimoto shaft ndi pafupifupi 5%;ndipo mtengo wa chipolopolo chamoto ndi pafupifupi 15%.

Chifukwa chiyaniOSG okhazikika maginito motors screw air kompresabwino kwambiri?

Maginito okhazikika a synchronous motor amapangidwa makamaka ndi stator, rotor ndi zigawo za zipolopolo.Monga ma motors wamba a AC, maziko a stator ali ndi kapangidwe ka laminated kuti achepetse kutayika kwachitsulo chifukwa cha eddy pano komanso zotsatira za hysteresis pomwe mota ikuyenda;ma windings nawonso nthawi zambiri amakhala magawo atatu symmetrical nyumba, koma chizindikiro kusankha ndi kosiyana kwambiri.Gawo la rotor lili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza rotor yokhazikika ya maginito yokhala ndi khola loyambira gologolo, ndi rotor yokhazikika kapena yokwera pamwamba.Pakatikati pa rotor imatha kupangidwa kukhala cholimba kapena laminated.Rotor ili ndi maginito okhazikika, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa maginito.

Pansi pa ntchito yanthawi zonse yamagetsi okhazikika a maginito, ma rotor ndi maginito a stator ali mu synchronous state.Palibe mphamvu yamagetsi mu gawo la rotor, ndipo palibe kutaya kwa mkuwa wa rotor, hysteresis, kapena kutayika kwa eddy panopa.Palibe chifukwa choganizira vuto la kutayika kwa rotor ndi kutentha.Nthawi zambiri, injini yamagetsi yokhazikika imayendetsedwa ndi chosinthira chapadera ndipo mwachilengedwe imakhala ndi ntchito yoyambira yofewa.Komanso, okhazikika maginito galimoto ndi synchronous motor, amene ali ndi khalidwe la kusintha mphamvu chinthu kudzera mphamvu ya chisangalalo, kotero mphamvu mphamvu akhoza kupangidwa kwa mtengo wapadera.

Kuyambira poyambira, chifukwa chakuti injini yamagetsi yokhazikika imayambitsidwa ndi magetsi osinthika pafupipafupi kapena inverter yothandizira, njira yoyambira yamagetsi okhazikika amagetsi ndiyosavuta;ndizofanana ndi chiyambi cha injini yafupipafupi, ndikupewa zolakwika zoyambira zamakina wamba asynchronous motors.

Mwachidule, mphamvu ndi mphamvu yamagetsi okhazikika a maginito amatha kufika pamwamba kwambiri, mapangidwe ake ndi ophweka, ndipo msika wakhala wotentha kwambiri zaka khumi zapitazi.

Komabe, kutayika kwa kulephera kwachisangalalo ndivuto losapeŵeka pamakina okhazikika a maginito.Kutentha kukakhala kokulirapo kapena kutentha kwambiri, kutentha kwa ma windings amagalimoto kumakwera nthawi yomweyo, komweko kumawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo maginito okhazikika amataya chisangalalo.Muulamuliro wamoto wa maginito okhazikika, chipangizo chachitetezo chopitilira pano chimayikidwa kuti chipewe vuto la mafunde amoto a stator akuwotchedwa, koma kutayika kwachisangalalo ndi kuzimitsa kwa zida sikungapeweke.